爬泳

不懂

<span class="tpccontent1"><b><span style="FONT-SIZE: 13.5pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">技术练习</span></b></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体;"><br/><br/><br/></span><span class="tpccontent1"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">第<span lang="EN-US">3</span>章介绍的几个练习是我认为最好的几个臂部动作练习。本部分介绍其余几个技术练习。 </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体;"><br/><br/></span><span class="tpccontent1"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">臂部技术练习 </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体;"><br/><br/><shapetype id="_x0000_t75" opreferrelative="t" ospt="75" coordsize="21600,21600" path="m@4@5l@4@11@9@11@9@5xe" filled="f" stroked="f"></shapetype><stroke joinstyle="miter"></stroke><stroke></stroke><formulas></formulas><f eqn="if lineDrawn pixelLineWidth 0"></f><f></f><f eqn="sum @0 1 0"></f><f></f><f eqn="sum 0 0 @1"></f><f></f><f eqn="prod @2 1 2"></f><f></f><f eqn="prod @3 21600 pixelWidth"></f><f></f><f eqn="prod @3 21600 pixelHeight"></f><f></f><f eqn="sum @0 0 1"></f><f></f><f eqn="prod @6 1 2"></f><f></f><f eqn="prod @7 21600 pixelWidth"></f><f></f><f eqn="sum @8 21600 0"></f><f></f><f eqn="prod @7 21600 pixelHeight"></f><f></f><f eqn="sum @10 21600 0"></f><f></f><formulas></formulas><path oconnecttype="rect" oextrusionok="f" gradientshapeok="t"></path><path></path><lock vext="edit" aspectratio="t"></lock><lock></lock><shapetype></shapetype><shape id="_x0000_i1025" type="#_x0000_t75" alt="" style="WIDTH: 265.5pt; HEIGHT: 457.5pt;"></shape><imagedata ohref="http://bbs.chinaswim.com/attachment/20038221046863637.jpg" src="file:///C:\DOCUME~1\csm\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image001.jpg"></imagedata><imagedata></imagedata><shape></shape><br/></span><span class="tpccontent1"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">图<span lang="EN-US">29 </span>相对身体的爬泳划水路线 </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体;"><br style="mso-special-character: line-break;"/><br style="mso-special-character: line-break;"/></span> <br/>

不懂

<span class="tpccontent1"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">划水路线练习对任何年龄的运动员来说，进行相对身体的划水路线练习，是掌握水下三个划水阶段动作的好方法。爬泳划水路线如图<span lang="EN-US">29</span>。这幅仰视划水路线图清晰地反映了各阶段划水动作的方向。 </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体;"><br/><br/></span><span class="tpccontent1"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">根据这幅图片，下面简单讲讲爬泳臂部水下动作的教法。手掌在身体下方应按<span lang="EN-US">S</span>形状划水。在划水动作的前三分之一（向肩部划 水时），手掌外划；划水动作中间的三分之一（向胸部划水），手掌内划；在划水动作的后三分之一（向髋部划水），手掌外划；在划水动作的第一个曲线处，不产生推力，划水动作应平缓地进行。在划水动作的后两个阶段，应逐渐加速划动，在划水动作的第<span lang="EN-US">3</span>个阶段，划速应达到顶点。如果运动员的掌心始终面对划动方向时，就会在每一划水阶段，保持正确的攻角。在游爬泳过程中，让运动员想象这种<span lang="EN-US">S</span>形划水划水路线，对其掌握正确划水技术大有益处。 </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体;"><br/><br/></span><span class="tpccontent1"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">分解动作练习 该练习如图<span lang="EN-US">30</span>。开始姿势运动员俯卧水中，双臂前伸，右手掌放在左手手背上。左臂做一完整划水动作之后，如开始姿势一样，左手掌放在右手手背上。然后，右臂划水，划水动作完成之后右手掌放在左手手背上，反复练习。该练习有助于运动员改进手臂的划水动作。可扶板进行该练习，但要扶板后部，以免影响划臂动作。 </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体;"><br/><br style="mso-special-character: line-break;"/><br style="mso-special-character: line-break;"/></span>

不懂

<span class="tpccontent1"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">图<span lang="EN-US">30 </span>分解动作练习 </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体;"><br style="mso-special-character: line-break;"/><br style="mso-special-character: line-break;"/></span>

不懂

<span class="tpccontent1"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">单臂划水练习一臂前伸，或者一臂后伸，掌心贴近大腿。当吸气侧一臂划水时，采用前伸臂的姿势为好。而当对侧臂划水时，最好采用后伸臂的姿势。臂部姿势的这种变化目的在于充分发挥臂部划水的效果，其原因在于身体能否正确地进行转动。运动员应每游一趟，或每游几趟之后，再换臂练习。可以配合游，或以划手练习的方式进行该练习。 </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体;"><br/><br/></span><span class="tpccontent1"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">一手握拳游练习 划速曲线图（图<span lang="EN-US">18</span>、<span lang="EN-US">19</span>）表明，多数运动员一臂推力较大，另一臂推力较小。手握拳游练习有助于增进<span lang="EN-US">“</span>弱<span lang="EN-US">”</span>划水臂的推力。该练习的主要目的是加大次划水臂在一个完整的动作周期中所占推力比重。可采用配合游，或采用划手方式进行该练习。次划水臂不握拳、主划水臂握拳做这一练习。 </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体;"><br/><br/></span><span class="tpccontent1"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">呼吸和移臂练习 </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体;"><br/><br/></span><span class="tpccontent1"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">前面介绍过的分解动作练习与下述练习一样，都是改进移臂和呼吸动作的极好练习。 </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体;"><br/><br/></span><span class="tpccontent1"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">贴近水线游练习 运动员肩部靠近水线游。将迫使运动员采用高肘移臂技术，否则臂部会碰水线。运动员应沿一条水线反复游，以便迫使两臂都采用高肘移臂技术。 </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体;"><br/><br/></span><span class="tpccontent1"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">手指破水游练习 该练习有助于运动员养成高肘移臂习惯。运动员进行游进或划手练习时，移臂时指尖破水前进。游进时，肘部向上，指尖在体侧尽量接近直线破水前移。 </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体;"><br/><br/></span><span class="tpccontent1"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">拇指先插入水练习 除入水时拇指首先入水之外，这一练习与上一练习方法相似。这也是掌握高肘移臂技术的一个很好练习。 </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体;"><br/><br/></span><span class="tpccontent1"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">耳旁停顿练习 这是掌握高肘移臂动作的另一个练习。移臂时，当大拇指移至耳旁时略停顿一下，再入水。 </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体;"><br style="mso-special-character: line-break;"/><br style="mso-special-character: line-break;"/></span>

不懂

<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span class="tpccontent1"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black;">配合动作练习 </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black;"><br/><br/></span><span class="tpccontent1"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black;">侧打腿练习 该练习（如图<span lang="EN-US">31</span>）对掌握斜向打腿动作是一极好练习。运动员侧卧打腿游进，下臂前伸，另一臂后伸，掌心靠近大腿。每打<span lang="EN-US">4</span>次、<span lang="EN-US">6</span>次、<span lang="EN-US">8</span>次或一定次数之后，转体，两臂换位，反复练习。 </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black;"><br/><br/><shapetype id="_x0000_t75" stroked="f" filled="f" path="m@4@5l@4@11@9@11@9@5xe" opreferrelative="t" ospt="75" coordsize="21600,21600"><stroke joinstyle="miter"></stroke><formulas><f eqn="if lineDrawn pixelLineWidth 0"></f><f eqn="sum @0 1 0"></f><f eqn="sum 0 0 @1"></f><f eqn="prod @2 1 2"></f><f eqn="prod @3 21600 pixelWidth"></f><f eqn="prod @3 21600 pixelHeight"></f><f eqn="sum @0 0 1"></f><f eqn="prod @6 1 2"></f><f eqn="prod @7 21600 pixelWidth"></f><f eqn="sum @8 21600 0"></f><f eqn="prod @7 21600 pixelHeight"></f><f eqn="sum @10 21600 0"></f></formulas><path oconnecttype="rect" gradientshapeok="t" oextrusionok="f"></path><lock aspectratio="t" vext="edit"></lock></shapetype><shape id="_x0000_i1025" alt="" type="#_x0000_t75" style="WIDTH: 354.75pt; HEIGHT: 106.5pt;"><imagedata ohref="http://bbs.chinaswim.com/attachment/20038221712353357.jpg" src="file:///C:\DOCUME~1\csm\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image001.jpg"></imagedata></shape><br/></span><span class="tpccontent1"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black;">图<span lang="EN-US">31 </span>侧自腿练习 </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black;"><br/><br/></span><span class="tpccontent1"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black;">可编排各种组数进行该练习。每打<span lang="EN-US">3</span>次腿变换一次体位，有助于改进<span lang="EN-US">6</span>次打水配合技术。 </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black;"><br/><br/></span><span class="tpccontent1"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black;">测验游练习 </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black;"><br/><br/></span><span class="tpccontent1"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black;">这一练习的目的是测验动作改进的效果。测验过程如下：运动员做一组重复游练习。单数练习采用正常动作游，双数练习采用新动作游。每个练习用力程度要相同。如果双数练习游速快，说明采用的新动作是成功的；如果单数练习成绩好，说明采用的新动作是失败的，或者说明应继续改进这一新技术。每次练习只能测试一种新技术，否则无法决定取舍。 </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black;"><br/><br/></span><span class="tpccontent1"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black;">每次练习之后测量心率，同时测量动作频率或每趟的划水次数是有益的。如练习时间不变，但上述<span lang="EN-US">3</span>项指标下降，说明改进的新动作是有效的。如果游速加快，同时心率加快，或划幅缩短，可能是运动员加大用力造成的结果。<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></span></p>

不懂

<span class="tpccontent1"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">呼吸方式 </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体;"><br/><br/></span><span class="tpccontent1"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">呼吸方式指运动员每两次吸气间的划水动作周期数。最普通的呼吸方式是每个动作周期吸气一次。多数教练同意<chmetcnv wst="on" tcsc="0" numbertype="1" negative="False" hasspace="False" sourcevalue="200" unitname="米"><span lang="EN-US">200</span>米</chmetcnv>以上的比赛应采用这种呼吸方式。但许多教练认为在<span lang="EN-US">25</span>至<span lang="EN-US">100</span>米的比赛中，应限制呼吸次数。运动员面临的难题是过分限制呼吸次数会减少供氧量，从而加快疲劳，反之，呼吸动作过于频繁则影响游速。因此，为不同游距的比赛项目确定最佳吸气方式是极为重要的。 </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体;"><br/><br/></span><span class="tpccontent1"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">25</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">和<chmetcnv wst="on" tcsc="0" numbertype="1" negative="False" hasspace="False" sourcevalue="50" unitname="米"><span lang="EN-US">50</span>米</chmetcnv>的比赛 运动员参加这两个项目比赛时，往往会控制呼吸次数。因为他们认为转头吸气推力会下降。另外，这两项比赛距离过短，缺氧影响不大。 </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体;"><br/><br/></span><span class="tpccontent1"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">单游一个<chmetcnv wst="on" tcsc="0" numbertype="1" negative="False" hasspace="False" sourcevalue="25" unitname="米"><span lang="EN-US">25</span>米</chmetcnv>往往不吸气。有训练的<span lang="EN-US">8</span>岁孩童可不吸气游完这一距离，一些十多岁的孩子可一口气游完<chmetcnv wst="on" tcsc="0" numbertype="1" negative="False" hasspace="False" sourcevalue="50" unitname="米"><span lang="EN-US">50</span>米</chmetcnv>，但多数选手游<chmetcnv wst="on" tcsc="0" numbertype="1" negative="False" hasspace="False" sourcevalue="50" unitname="米"><span lang="EN-US">50</span>米</chmetcnv>时要吸<span lang="EN-US">1-3</span>次气，此时吸气对肌肉供能意义不大。但有助于排出二氧化碳，减轻这类物质堆积产生的不适感觉。在缺氧现象产生之前，二氧化碳的堆积也迫使运动员吸气。 </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体;"><br/><br/></span><span class="tpccontent1"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">主项为<chmetcnv wst="on" tcsc="0" numbertype="1" negative="False" hasspace="False" sourcevalue="50" unitname="米"><span lang="EN-US">50</span>米</chmetcnv>的运动员应对一次、二次、三次吸气方式进行试验，以便决定采用哪种吸气方式，上述<span lang="EN-US">3</span>种吸气方法使用方式如下： </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体;"><br/><br/></span><span class="tpccontent1"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">三次吸气 在<chmetcnv wst="on" tcsc="0" numbertype="1" negative="False" hasspace="False" sourcevalue="25" unitname="米"><span lang="EN-US">25</span>米</chmetcnv>池参加<chmetcnv wst="on" tcsc="0" numbertype="1" negative="False" hasspace="False" sourcevalue="50" unitname="米"><span lang="EN-US">50</span>米</chmetcnv>比赛时，应在转身前<span lang="EN-US">7</span>至<span lang="EN-US">10</span>米处吸第一次气。在第二个<chmetcnv wst="on" tcsc="0" numbertype="1" negative="False" hasspace="False" sourcevalue="25" unitname="米"><span lang="EN-US">25</span>米</chmetcnv>，当游至后<chmetcnv wst="on" tcsc="0" numbertype="1" negative="False" hasspace="False" sourcevalue="25" unitname="米"><span lang="EN-US">25</span>米</chmetcnv>的三分之一处时吸第二次气，游至后<chmetcnv wst="on" tcsc="0" numbertype="1" negative="False" hasspace="False" sourcevalue="25" unitname="米"><span lang="EN-US">25</span>米</chmetcnv>的的三分之一处吸第三次气。 </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体;"><br/><br/></span><span class="tpccontent1"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">在<chmetcnv wst="on" tcsc="0" numbertype="1" negative="False" hasspace="False" sourcevalue="50" unitname="米"><span lang="EN-US">50</span>米</chmetcnv>池参加<chmetcnv wst="on" tcsc="0" numbertype="1" negative="False" hasspace="False" sourcevalue="50" unitname="米"><span lang="EN-US">50</span>米</chmetcnv>比赛时，三次吸气方式与<chmetcnv wst="on" tcsc="0" numbertype="1" negative="False" hasspace="False" sourcevalue="25" unitname="米"><span lang="EN-US">25</span>米</chmetcnv>池比赛相似。应在<chmetcnv wst="on" tcsc="0" numbertype="1" negative="False" hasspace="False" sourcevalue="20" unitname="米"><span lang="EN-US">20</span>米</chmetcnv>处吸第一次气，在<chmetcnv wst="on" tcsc="0" numbertype="1" negative="False" hasspace="False" sourcevalue="30" unitname="米"><span lang="EN-US">30</span>米</chmetcnv>处吸第二次气，在<chmetcnv wst="on" tcsc="0" numbertype="1" negative="False" hasspace="False" sourcevalue="40" unitname="米"><span lang="EN-US">40</span>米</chmetcnv>处吸第三次气。 </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体;"><br/><br/></span><span class="tpccontent1"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">二次吸气 运动员在<chmetcnv wst="on" tcsc="0" numbertype="1" negative="False" hasspace="False" sourcevalue="25" unitname="米"><span lang="EN-US">25</span>米</chmetcnv>池参加<chmetcnv wst="on" tcsc="0" numbertype="1" negative="False" hasspace="False" sourcevalue="50" unitname="米"><span lang="EN-US">50</span>米</chmetcnv>比赛采用<span lang="EN-US">2</span>次吸气时，有两种方式：第一种方式在转身前<span lang="EN-US">5<chmetcnv wst="on" tcsc="0" numbertype="1" negative="True" hasspace="False" sourcevalue="7" unitname="米">-7<span lang="EN-US"><span lang="EN-US">米</span></span></chmetcnv><span lang="EN-US">处吸第一次气。第2</span></span>个<chmetcnv wst="on" tcsc="0" numbertype="1" negative="False" hasspace="False" sourcevalue="25" unitname="米"><span lang="EN-US">25</span>米</chmetcnv>游一半时吸第二次气。第二种方式是第一个<chmetcnv wst="on" tcsc="0" numbertype="1" negative="False" hasspace="False" sourcevalue="25" unitname="米"><span lang="EN-US">25</span>米</chmetcnv>不吸气，第二个<chmetcnv wst="on" tcsc="0" numbertype="1" negative="False" hasspace="False" sourcevalue="25" unitname="米"><span lang="EN-US">25</span>米</chmetcnv>吸<span lang="EN-US">2</span>次气。游至第二个<chmetcnv wst="on" tcsc="0" numbertype="1" negative="False" hasspace="False" sourcevalue="25" unitname="米"><span lang="EN-US">25</span>米</chmetcnv>的三分之一处吸第一次气。游至三分之一处时吸第二次气。<chmetcnv wst="on" tcsc="0" numbertype="1" negative="False" hasspace="False" sourcevalue="50" unitname="米"><span lang="EN-US">50</span>米</chmetcnv>池比赛时，应在<chmetcnv wst="on" tcsc="0" numbertype="1" negative="False" hasspace="False" sourcevalue="20" unitname="米"><span lang="EN-US">20</span>米</chmetcnv>，<chmetcnv wst="on" tcsc="0" numbertype="1" negative="False" hasspace="False" sourcevalue="40" unitname="米"><span lang="EN-US">40</span>米</chmetcnv>处各吸一次气。 </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体;"><br/><br/></span><span class="tpccontent1"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">一次吸气 一次吸气也有两种方式。<chmetcnv wst="on" tcsc="0" numbertype="1" negative="False" hasspace="False" sourcevalue="25" unitname="米"><span lang="EN-US">25</span>米</chmetcnv>池比赛时，可在转身前<span lang="EN-US">5</span>至<span lang="EN-US">7</span>米处，或在后<chmetcnv wst="on" tcsc="0" numbertype="1" negative="False" hasspace="False" sourcevalue="25" unitname="米"><span lang="EN-US">25</span>米</chmetcnv>游至三分之一处吸气。<chmetcnv wst="on" tcsc="0" numbertype="1" negative="False" hasspace="False" sourcevalue="50" unitname="米"><span lang="EN-US">50</span>米</chmetcnv>池比赛时，应在<chmetcnv wst="on" tcsc="0" numbertype="1" negative="False" hasspace="False" sourcevalue="30" unitname="米"><span lang="EN-US">30</span>米</chmetcnv>或<chmetcnv wst="on" tcsc="0" numbertype="1" negative="False" hasspace="False" sourcevalue="40" unitname="米"><span lang="EN-US">40</span>米</chmetcnv>处吸气。 </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体;"><br style="mso-special-character: line-break;"/><br style="mso-special-character: line-break;"/></span>

不懂

<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span class="tpccontent1"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black;">对采用上述<span lang="EN-US">3</span>种呼吸方式的运动员来说，缺氧训练、以及各种各样的控制呼吸次数的短冲练习是基本训练手段。对<chmetcnv unitname="米" sourcevalue="50" hasspace="False" negative="False" numbertype="1" tcsc="0" wst="on"></chmetcnv><span lang="EN-US">50</span>米<chmetcnv></chmetcnv>比赛来说，二次吸气效果最好。通过训练，在<chmetcnv unitname="米" sourcevalue="50" hasspace="False" negative="False" numbertype="1" tcsc="0" wst="on"></chmetcnv><span lang="EN-US">50</span>米<chmetcnv></chmetcnv>比赛中吸<span lang="EN-US">2</span>次气完全可保持住游速。在<chmetcnv unitname="米" sourcevalue="25" hasspace="False" negative="False" numbertype="1" tcsc="0" wst="on"></chmetcnv><span lang="EN-US">25</span>米<chmetcnv></chmetcnv>池比赛时，前<chmetcnv unitname="米" sourcevalue="25" hasspace="False" negative="False" numbertype="1" tcsc="0" wst="on"></chmetcnv><span lang="EN-US">25</span>米<chmetcnv></chmetcnv>最好不吸气。因为这有助于加快游速及快速完成转身动作。这是因为运动员在前<chmetcnv unitname="米" sourcevalue="25" hasspace="False" negative="False" numbertype="1" tcsc="0" wst="on"></chmetcnv><span lang="EN-US">25</span>米<chmetcnv></chmetcnv>可专心注视转身端池壁，准确判断划水次数，快速完成转身动作。 </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black;"><br/><br/></span><span class="tpccontent1"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black;">13</span></span><span class="tpccontent1"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black;">岁以下的孩子采用上述<span lang="EN-US">3</span>种吸气方式可能会遇到困难。这些孩子需在比赛的其他方面下功夫。比豢时，他们最好每两个动作周期吸气一次。 </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black;"><br/><br/></span><chmetcnv unitname="米" sourcevalue="100" hasspace="False" negative="False" numbertype="1" tcsc="0" wst="on"></chmetcnv><span class="tpccontent1"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black;">100</span></span><span class="tpccontent1"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black;">米</span></span><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><span class="tpccontent1"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black;">比赛<span lang="EN-US"><br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<chmetcnv unitname="米" sourcevalue="100" hasspace="False" negative="False" numbertype="1" tcsc="0" wst="on"></chmetcnv>100<span lang="EN-US"><span lang="EN-US">米</span></span><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><span lang="EN-US">比赛的呼吸方式较复杂。决定采用何种呼吸方式时，既要考虑到游速，又要顾及到延缓疲劳的出现。最常见的呼吸方式是前<chmetcnv unitname="米" sourcevalue="25" hasspace="False" negative="False" numbertype="1" tcsc="0" wst="on"></chmetcnv>25<span lang="EN-US"><span lang="EN-US">米</span></span><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><span lang="EN-US">吸一次气，第二个<chmetcnv unitname="米" sourcevalue="25" hasspace="False" negative="False" numbertype="1" tcsc="0" wst="on"></chmetcnv>25<span lang="EN-US"><span lang="EN-US">米</span></span><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><span lang="EN-US">吸2</span></span></span></span>次气，然后每<span lang="EN-US">2</span>个划臂周期吸一次气，直至游抵终点。有些运动员后<chmetcnv unitname="米" sourcevalue="50" hasspace="False" negative="False" numbertype="1" tcsc="0" wst="on"></chmetcnv><span lang="EN-US">50</span>米<chmetcnv></chmetcnv>比赛吸气次数更少，第<span lang="EN-US">3</span>、第<span lang="EN-US">4</span>个<chmetcnv unitname="米" sourcevalue="25" hasspace="False" negative="False" numbertype="1" tcsc="0" wst="on"></chmetcnv><span lang="EN-US">25</span>米<chmetcnv></chmetcnv>各吸<span lang="EN-US">3</span>次气（在<chmetcnv unitname="米" sourcevalue="50" hasspace="False" negative="False" numbertype="1" tcsc="0" wst="on"></chmetcnv><span lang="EN-US">50</span>米<chmetcnv></chmetcnv>池比赛时，最后<chmetcnv unitname="米" sourcevalue="50" hasspace="False" negative="False" numbertype="1" tcsc="0" wst="on"></chmetcnv><span lang="EN-US">50</span>米<chmetcnv></chmetcnv>吸气<span lang="EN-US">6</span>次）。 </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black;"><br/><br/></span><span class="tpccontent1"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black;">我认为上述两种方式换气次数太少，在比赛的后程易引发运动员过早疲劳。如果比赛的前<chmetcnv unitname="米" sourcevalue="50" hasspace="False" negative="False" numbertype="1" tcsc="0" wst="on"></chmetcnv><span lang="EN-US">50</span>米<chmetcnv></chmetcnv>直至<chmetcnv unitname="米" sourcevalue="75" hasspace="False" negative="False" numbertype="1" tcsc="0" wst="on"></chmetcnv><span lang="EN-US">75</span>米<chmetcnv></chmetcnv>前多吸几次气，运动员会游得更快。肺部吸入的氧气抵达肌肉组织需好几秒钟。因此，比赛前<chmetcnv unitname="米" sourcevalue="25" hasspace="False" negative="False" numbertype="1" tcsc="0" wst="on"></chmetcnv><span lang="EN-US">25</span>米<chmetcnv></chmetcnv>吸入的氧气需在游至<chmetcnv unitname="米" sourcevalue="50" hasspace="False" negative="False" numbertype="1" tcsc="0" wst="on"></chmetcnv><span lang="EN-US">50</span>米<chmetcnv></chmetcnv>前才能运抵肌组织。如果运动员觉得需要吸气了才吸气，对机体的正常运转已造成损害。在<chmetcnv unitname="米" sourcevalue="100" hasspace="False" negative="False" numbertype="1" tcsc="0" wst="on"></chmetcnv><span lang="EN-US">100</span>米<chmetcnv></chmetcnv>比赛开始阶段充分地吸气可减轻疲劳表现的程度，有助于后程游得更快。比赛后程游速的提高完全可补偿比赛开始阶段因充分吸气消耗的少量时间。 </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black;"><br/><br/></span><span class="tpccontent1"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black;">每个运动员都应对下述呼吸方式进行试验，以便找到一种最适合自己的呼吸方式： </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black;"><br/><br/></span><span class="tpccontent1"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black;">1</span></span><span class="tpccontent1"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black;">、前<chmetcnv unitname="米" sourcevalue="25" hasspace="False" negative="False" numbertype="1" tcsc="0" wst="on"></chmetcnv><span lang="EN-US">25</span>米<chmetcnv></chmetcnv>每两个动作周期吸气一次，后<chmetcnv unitname="米" sourcevalue="75" hasspace="False" negative="False" numbertype="1" tcsc="0" wst="on"></chmetcnv><span lang="EN-US">75</span>米<chmetcnv></chmetcnv>每一个动作周期吸气一次。 </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black;"><br/></span><span class="tpccontent1"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black;">2</span></span><span class="tpccontent1"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black;">、前<chmetcnv unitname="米" sourcevalue="50" hasspace="False" negative="False" numbertype="1" tcsc="0" wst="on"></chmetcnv><span lang="EN-US">50</span>米<chmetcnv></chmetcnv>每两个动作周期吸气一次，后<chmetcnv unitname="米" sourcevalue="50" hasspace="False" negative="False" numbertype="1" tcsc="0" wst="on"></chmetcnv><span lang="EN-US">50</span>米<chmetcnv></chmetcnv>每一个动作周期吸气一次。 </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black;"><br/></span><span class="tpccontent1"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black;">3</span></span><span class="tpccontent1"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black;">、<span lang="EN-US">100</span>米比赛全程每两个动作周期吸气一次。 </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black;"><br/></span><span class="tpccontent1"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black;">5</span></span><span class="tpccontent1"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black;">、从出发至终点，每个动作周期吸气一次。 </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black;"><br/><br/></span><span class="tpccontent1"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black;">虽说许多运动员乐于采用最后一种呼吸方式，但是多数教练认为对<chmetcnv unitname="米" sourcevalue="100" hasspace="False" negative="False" numbertype="1" tcsc="0" wst="on"></chmetcnv><span lang="EN-US">100</span>米<chmetcnv></chmetcnv>比赛来说，这种呼吸方式不是最有效的。然而，许多运动员采用这种呼吸方式却创造出令人惊异的成绩。这就是我们把这一种呼吸方式列为可供运动员试验选择的呼吸方式之一的原因。 </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black;"><br/><br/></span><span class="tpccontent1"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black;">不管采用哪种呼吸方式，在比赛的最后<span lang="EN-US">5</span>～<span lang="EN-US">10</span>米都应憋气游，以便尽快触壁。 </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black;"><br/><br/></span><span class="tpccontent1"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black;">在每个大周期训练的早期阶段，都应安排一些技术练习，以便帮助运动员找到一种最好的呼吸方法。为此目的，可安排下述练习。在大运动量训练课的最后安排一组<span lang="EN-US">6-8×<chmetcnv unitname="米" sourcevalue="50" hasspace="False" negative="False" numbertype="1" tcsc="0" wst="on"></chmetcnv>50<span lang="EN-US"><span lang="EN-US">米</span></span><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><span lang="EN-US">的计时游。之所以把这组练习安排在训练课的最后进行，目的是让运动员产生100</span></span>比赛后程那种疲劳感觉。 </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black;"><br/><br/></span><span class="tpccontent1"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black;">每个<chmetcnv unitname="米" sourcevalue="50" hasspace="False" negative="False" numbertype="1" tcsc="0" wst="on"></chmetcnv><span lang="EN-US">50</span>米<chmetcnv></chmetcnv>的游速都应参照<span lang="EN-US">1</span>的米比赛的成绩要求进行。运动员在这组练习中可随意采取两种或二、三种以上呼吸方式。教练员记录每个<chmetcnv unitname="米" sourcevalue="50" hasspace="False" negative="False" numbertype="1" tcsc="0" wst="on"></chmetcnv><span lang="EN-US">50</span>米<chmetcnv></chmetcnv>成绩的同时，也应记录运动员的呼吸方式。游速最快的<chmetcnv unitname="米" sourcevalue="50" hasspace="False" negative="False" numbertype="1" tcsc="0" wst="on"></chmetcnv><span lang="EN-US">50</span>米<chmetcnv></chmetcnv>采用的那种呼吸方式，就是比赛中应采用的呼吸方式。如果二、三种呼吸方式的游速相同，应将运动员最习惯的呼吸方式作为比赛时应采用的呼吸方式，因为该呼吸方式能最大限度地满足供氧需求。 </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black;"><br/><br/></span><chmetcnv unitname="米" sourcevalue="200" hasspace="False" negative="False" numbertype="1" tcsc="0" wst="on"></chmetcnv><span class="tpccontent1"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black;">200</span></span><span class="tpccontent1"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black;">米</span></span><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><span class="tpccontent1"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black;">距离以上的比赛 虽然有些教练有不同意见，但人们普遍认为<chmetcnv unitname="米" sourcevalue="200" hasspace="False" negative="False" numbertype="1" tcsc="0" wst="on"></chmetcnv><span lang="EN-US">200</span>米<chmetcnv></chmetcnv>距离以上的比赛应每个动作周期吸气一次。供氧增加完全可以弥补因频繁转头引起的阻力加大、推力下降等负面影响。</span></span></p><p></p><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <font size="6">（END）</font></p>

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