爬泳

不懂

<p><span class="tpccontent1"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"><font face="宋体" size="2">&nbsp; 史维明</font></span></span></p><p><span class="tpccontent1"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"><font face="宋体" size="6">(想学自由泳别怕长慢慢看）</font></span></span></p><p><span class="tpccontent1"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"><font face="宋体">爬泳，俗称自由泳，是游速最快的一种泳式。每一动作周期左、右臂各划水一次，同时进行若干次打腿。本章按下列顺序探讨爬泳技术问题： </font></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体;"><br/><br/></span><span class="tpccontent1"><font face="宋体"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">1</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">、臂部动作 </span></font></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体;"><br/></span><span class="tpccontent1"><font face="宋体"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">2</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">、划水路线 </span></font></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体;"><br/></span><span class="tpccontent1"><font face="宋体"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">3</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">、打腿 </span></font></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体;"><br/></span><span class="tpccontent1"><font face="宋体"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">4</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">、臂、腿动作配合 </span></font></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体;"><br/></span><span class="tpccontent1"><font face="宋体"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">5</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">、身体姿势和呼吸 </span></font></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体;"><br/></span><span class="tpccontent1"><font face="宋体"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">6</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">、划速与游速分析 </span></font></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体;"><br/></span><span class="tpccontent1"><font face="宋体"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">7</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">、易犯错误 </span></font></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体;"><br/></span><span class="tpccontent1"><font face="宋体"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">8</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">、爬泳技术练习 </span></font></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体;"><br/></span><span class="tpccontent1"><font face="宋体"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">9</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">、呼吸方式 </span></font></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体;"><br/><br/></span><span class="tpccontent1"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"><font face="宋体">臂部动作 </font></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体;"><br/><br/></span><span class="tpccontent1"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"><font face="宋体">臂在水下做<span lang="EN-US">3</span>次斜向划水动作，即下划，内划和上划。入水、伸臂、出水和空中移臂是臂部动作的准备动作，本节将探讨这些动作。爬泳技术水下连续动作的侧视、前视动作如图<span lang="EN-US">1</span>和图<span lang="EN-US">2</span>。&nbsp;</font></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体;"><br style="mso-special-character: line-break;"/><br style="mso-special-character: line-break;"/><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体;"><shapetype id="_x0000_t75" opreferrelative="t" ospt="75" coordsize="21600,21600" path="m@4@5l@4@11@9@11@9@5xe" filled="f" stroked="f"></shapetype><shapetype></shapetype><shapetype></shapetype><shapetype></shapetype>&nbsp;<stroke joinstyle="miter"></stroke><stroke></stroke><stroke></stroke><stroke></stroke><stroke></stroke><stroke></stroke><stroke></stroke><stroke></stroke><formulas></formulas><formulas></formulas><formulas></formulas><formulas></formulas><f eqn="if lineDrawn pixelLineWidth 0"></f><f></f><f></f><f></f><f></f><f></f><f></f><f></f><f eqn="sum @0 1 0"></f><f></f><f></f><f></f><f></f><f></f><f></f><f></f><f eqn="sum 0 0 @1"></f><f></f><f></f><f></f><f></f><f></f><f></f><f></f><f eqn="prod @2 1 2"></f><f></f><f></f><f></f><f></f><f></f><f></f><f></f><f eqn="prod @3 21600 pixelWidth"></f><f></f><f></f><f></f><f></f><f></f><f></f><f></f><f eqn="prod @3 21600 pixelHeight"></f><f></f><f></f><f></f><f></f><f></f><f></f><f></f><f eqn="sum @0 0 1"></f><f></f><f></f><f></f><f></f><f></f><f></f><f></f><f eqn="prod @6 1 2"></f><f></f><f></f><f></f><f></f><f></f><f></f><f></f><f eqn="prod @7 21600 pixelWidth"></f><f></f><f></f><f></f><f></f><f></f><f></f><f></f><f eqn="sum @8 21600 0"></f><f></f><f></f><f></f><f></f><f></f><f></f><f></f><f eqn="prod @7 21600 pixelHeight"></f><f></f><f></f><f></f><f></f><f></f><f></f><f></f><f eqn="sum @10 21600 0"></f><f></f><f></f><f></f><f></f><f></f><f></f><f></f><formulas></formulas><formulas></formulas><formulas></formulas><formulas></formulas><path oconnecttype="rect" oextrusionok="f" gradientshapeok="t"></path><path></path><path></path><path></path><path></path><path></path><path></path><path></path><lock vext="edit" aspectratio="t"></lock><lock></lock><lock></lock><lock></lock><lock></lock><lock></lock><lock></lock><lock></lock><shapetype></shapetype><shapetype></shapetype><shapetype></shapetype><shapetype></shapetype><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体;"><shapetype id="_x0000_t75" opreferrelative="t" ospt="75" coordsize="21600,21600" path="m@4@5l@4@11@9@11@9@5xe" filled="f" stroked="f"></shapetype><shapetype></shapetype><shapetype></shapetype><shapetype></shapetype><br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<stroke joinstyle="miter"></stroke><stroke></stroke><stroke></stroke><stroke></stroke><stroke></stroke><stroke></stroke><stroke></stroke><stroke></stroke><formulas></formulas><formulas></formulas><formulas></formulas><formulas></formulas><f eqn="if lineDrawn pixelLineWidth 0"></f><f></f><f></f><f></f><f></f><f></f><f></f><f></f><f eqn="sum @0 1 0"></f><f></f><f></f><f></f><f></f><f></f><f></f><f></f><f eqn="sum 0 0 @1"></f><f></f><f></f><f></f><f></f><f></f><f></f><f></f><f eqn="prod @2 1 2"></f><f></f><f></f><f></f><f></f><f></f><f></f><f></f><f eqn="prod @3 21600 pixelWidth"></f><f></f><f></f><f></f><f></f><f></f><f></f><f></f><f eqn="prod @3 21600 pixelHeight"></f><f></f><f></f><f></f><f></f><f></f><f></f><f></f><f eqn="sum @0 0 1"></f><f></f><f></f><f></f><f></f><f></f><f></f><f></f><f eqn="prod @6 1 2"></f><f></f><f></f><f></f><f></f><f></f><f></f><f></f><f eqn="prod @7 21600 pixelWidth"></f><f></f><f></f><f></f><f></f><f></f><f></f><f></f><f eqn="sum @8 21600 0"></f><f></f><f></f><f></f><f></f><f></f><f></f><f></f><f eqn="prod @7 21600 pixelHeight"></f><f></f><f></f><f></f><f></f><f></f><f></f><f></f><f eqn="sum @10 21600 0"></f><f></f><f></f><f></f><f></f><f></f><f></f><f></f><formulas></formulas><formulas></formulas><formulas></formulas><formulas></formulas><path oconnecttype="rect" oextrusionok="f" gradientshapeok="t"></path><path></path><path></path><path></path><path></path><path></path><path></path><path></path><lock vext="edit" aspectratio="t"></lock><lock></lock><lock></lock><lock></lock><lock></lock><lock></lock><lock></lock><lock></lock><shapetype></shapetype><shapetype></shapetype><shapetype></shapetype><shapetype></shapetype><shape id="_x0000_i1025" type="#_x0000_t75" alt="" style="WIDTH: 354pt; HEIGHT: 444pt;"></shape><shape></shape><shape></shape><shape></shape><imagedata ohref="http://bbs.chinaswim.com/attachment/20038181504375090.jpg" src="file:///C:\DOCUME~1\csm\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\05\clip_image001.jpg"></imagedata><imagedata></imagedata><imagedata></imagedata><imagedata></imagedata><imagedata></imagedata><imagedata></imagedata><imagedata></imagedata><imagedata></imagedata><shape></shape><shape></shape><shape></shape><shape></shape><br/></span><br style="mso-special-character: line-break;"/><br style="mso-special-character: line-break;"/></span></span></p><br/><br/>

不懂

<p>&nbsp;</p><p><span class="tpccontent1"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"></span></span></p> <br/><span class="tpccontent1"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">图<span lang="EN-US">1 </span>盖尔斯爬泳技术侧视图。在<span lang="EN-US">1984</span>年奥运会上，盖尔斯曾获得男子<chmetcnv unitname="米" sourcevalue="100" hasspace="False" negative="False" numbertype="1" tcsc="0" wst="on"></chmetcnv><span lang="EN-US">100</span>米<chmetcnv></chmetcnv>自由泳比赛的金牌 </span></span>

不懂

<p>&nbsp;</p><p><span class="tpccontent1"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">图<span lang="EN-US">2 </span>盖尔斯爬泳技术前视图 </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体;"><br style="mso-special-character: line-break;"/><br style="mso-special-character: line-break;"/></span></p><p> </p><p><br/>&nbsp;</p> <br/>

不懂

<p><span class="tpccontent1"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">入水和伸臂 </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体;"><br/><br/></span><span class="tpccontent1"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">入水和伸臂动作侧视图如图<span lang="EN-US">1</span>，<span lang="EN-US">c-f</span>。图<span lang="EN-US">2</span>，<span lang="EN-US">d-g</span>为左臂这部分动作的前视图。 </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体;"><br/><br/></span><span class="tpccontent1"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">应在头前，在头与肩之间入水（图<span lang="EN-US">2</span>，<span lang="EN-US">e</span>）。入水时应稍屈臂，掌心外转。手指应先入水（图<span lang="EN-US">1</span>，<span lang="EN-US">c,</span>）<span lang="EN-US">, </span>然后，</span></span></p><p><span class="tpccontent1"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"><span class="tpccontent1"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">前臂应在手指的入水点插入水。 </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体;"><br/><br/></span><span class="tpccontent1"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">臂入水后，应在水面下前伸，同时掌心下转，至伸臂动作结束时，掌心完全转向下方。臂部这一动作阶段与其说叫伸臂，不如说叫滑动（<span lang="EN-US">glide</span>），因为臂在不停地前移。手在水下前伸时，会产生波阻，因此，指尖应领先前伸，尽量避免产生湍流，手臂应保持流线型，平稳地前伸。 </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体;"><br/><br/></span><span class="tpccontent1"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">臂入水后，不应立即用力，因为此时另一臂正值推力阶段的中间部位，入水臂发力过早，会影响另一臂的划水效果。基于同样理由，臂在头与肩之间入水后应前伸，以保持臂部的流线型姿势，使臂在某种程度上起船首作用。 </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体;"><br/><br/></span><span class="tpccontent1"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">入水前伸过程中，伸臂速度逐渐减慢，在另一臂推进阶段结束前，入水臂与身体游进速度接近。两臂配合动作应适宜，以便一臂前伸动作接近完成时，另一臂正值完成推进阶段的结束动作，此时，开始下划动作。 </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体;"><br/><br/></span><span class="tpccontent1"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">下划与抓水 </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体;"><br/><br/></span><span class="tpccontent1"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">下划动作如图<span lang="EN-US">1</span>，<span lang="EN-US">g</span>和<span lang="EN-US">h</span>。手掌入水后，沿曲线下划。下划结束时，成抓水动作（图<span lang="EN-US">1</span>，<span lang="EN-US">h</span>）。在下划过程中，遂渐屈肘。下划和屈肘动作合理结合，形成抓水动作，此时，肘高于手。下划过程约屈肘<span lang="EN-US">40°</span>，以便抓水动作形成时，屈肘角度在<span lang="EN-US">140°</span>左右。此时，手、臂稍靠近肩线外侧，成向后对水姿势。此时，手掌外、后对水，左臂抓水姿势如图<span lang="EN-US">1</span>，右臂抓水姿势如图<span lang="EN-US">1</span>，<span lang="EN-US">h</span>。抓水动作形成时，手掌应保持一定深度，此时手掌大致在水下<span lang="EN-US">40<chmetcnv wst="on" tcsc="0" numbertype="1" negative="True" hasspace="False" sourcevalue="60" unitname="厘米">-60<span lang="EN-US"><span lang="EN-US">厘米</span></span></chmetcnv><span lang="EN-US">处。</span></span>
                                        </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体;"><br/><br/></span><span class="tpccontent1"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">抓水时，手掌与前臂应保持直线姿势。否则，内划时的推力将减弱。此时如臂的姿势正确，肘至指尖应在一条直线上。抓水动作前，手无须后划和内划。 </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体;"><br/><br/></span><span class="tpccontent1"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">划水路线表明，下划过程中，手掌稍许外划。然而，运动员不应有意外划。外划是肩部转动形成的自然动作。经验表明，运动员如有意外划，往往犯外划过宽的毛病。 </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体;"><br/><br/></span><span class="tpccontent1"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">下划不产生推力。下划目的之一是防止另一臂在前移臂及吸气时，脸部没入水中，因此，要求臂部稍做下压动作。下划的另一目的是使臂部进人抓水姿势。内划是产生推力的前期动作，内划始于抓水动作。 </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体;"><br/><br/></span><span class="tpccontent1"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">内划 </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体;"><br/><br/></span><span class="tpccontent1"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">左臂内划动作如图<span lang="EN-US">1</span>，<span lang="EN-US">b-d</span>，右臂内划动作如图<span lang="EN-US">1</span>，<span lang="EN-US">h-j</span>。右臂内划动作前视图如图<span lang="EN-US">2</span>，<span lang="EN-US">c</span>和<span lang="EN-US">d</span>，左臂内划动作前视图如图<span lang="EN-US">2</span>，<span lang="EN-US">i</span>和<span lang="EN-US">j</span>。从抓水至体下内划是曲线划水动作。先向内下划水，划过身体中线之后开始上划。抓水时，约屈肘<span lang="EN-US">40°</span>。在整个内划过程中，再屈肘<span lang="EN-US">40°-60°</span>（如图<span lang="EN-US">2</span>，<span lang="EN-US">j</span>）。<span lang="EN-US">1988</span>年，施莱蒙夫及其助手对美国奥运会代表队队员测试结果表明，最大屈肘角度在<span lang="EN-US">82°-104°</span>之间。 </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体;"><br/><br/></span><span class="tpccontent1"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">在内划过程中，掌心应慢慢内转。内划结束时，掌心转向内上。内划开始至结束，划速应适度加快。一般说来，划速从开始的<span lang="EN-US">1</span>．<chmetcnv wst="on" tcsc="0" numbertype="1" negative="False" hasspace="False" sourcevalue="5" unitname="米"><span lang="EN-US">5</span>米</chmetcnv>／秒加速至内划结束时的<span lang="EN-US">2</span>．<span lang="EN-US">5<chmetcnv wst="on" tcsc="0" numbertype="1" negative="True" hasspace="False" sourcevalue="3" unitname="米">-3<span lang="EN-US"><span lang="EN-US">米</span></span></chmetcnv><span lang="EN-US">／秒（马格利索，1986</span></span>；施莱豪夫，<span lang="EN-US">1984</span>）。 </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体;"><br/><br/></span><span class="tpccontent1"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">图<span lang="EN-US">3</span>表明，内划时水流怎样转向后流。运动员体下划水时，大拇指侧领先划水。如图所示，此时掌心内转。经过掌心的水流向外前流动，即向手掌移动的反方向流动。图上的粗箭头表示水流方向。 </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体;"><br style="mso-special-character: line-break;"/><br style="mso-special-character: line-break;"/></span></span></span></p>

不懂

<p>&nbsp; </p><p><br/><span class="tpccontent1"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">图<span lang="EN-US">3 </span>内划动作后半部分推力产生方式 </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体;"><br/><br/></span><span class="tpccontent1"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">该箭头表示，由于手掌的划水方向和攻角的作用，使水向后流动。当水流在运动员掌心下从大拇指流向小指的过程中，产生一股向后的力。 </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体;"><br/><br/></span><span class="tpccontent1"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">内划过程中，手掌内划速度极为重要。运动员易犯的一个错误是手掌内转速度过快。手掌内转速度过快会使手掌在内划的后半部分对水攻角过大。在内划的前半程，掌心应向外，在手掌划过肘下之后，掌心才应内转。 </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体;"><br/><br/></span><span class="tpccontent1"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">一些选手内划时手掌划至身体的中线，而另一些选手内划时手掌划过身体中线。还有些选手内划时手掌划至身体中线与身体外缘之间。这<span lang="EN-US">3</span>种内划方式如图<span lang="EN-US">4</span>。图<span lang="EN-US">4</span>，<span lang="EN-US">a</span>上的运动员划水路线最短。图<span lang="EN-US">4</span>，<span lang="EN-US">b</span>上的运动员内划至身体的中线。这是多数运动员普遍采用的内划方式。图<span lang="EN-US">4</span>，<span lang="EN-US">c</span>上的运动员手掌内划划过身体的中线。</span></span></p>

不懂

<p><span class="tpccontent1"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体;"><br style="mso-special-character: line-break;"/></span></span></span></p> <br/><span class="tpccontent1"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">图<span lang="EN-US">4 </span>内划动作的三种方式 </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体;"><br/><br/></span><span class="tpccontent1"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">手掌划水路线的长短取决于：<span lang="EN-US">1</span>、手掌抓水点的宽度；<span lang="EN-US">2</span>、运动员内划时手掌保持有效攻角的能力。如果抓水点较宽，手掌一般不会划过身体的中线，也无法全部利用内划过程中的有效推力。相反，如果抓水点在肩内，内划时手掌将划过身体中线，并能充分发挥内划的实效。 </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体;"><br/><br/></span><span class="tpccontent1"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">同样原因，如果手掌内转速度过快，内转过程中手对水的攻角会过大，这将影响运动员的推力。因此，运动员一旦感觉推力下降，就会缩短内划路线，进行产生推力的下一阶段动作。另一方面，内划时如攻角正确，运动员手掌将划过身体中线。 </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体;"><br/><br/></span><span class="tpccontent1"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">许多自由泳运动员手掌划过身体中线，实效显著，然而有些进选手收效甚微。虽说有些选手手掌划过身体中线增大了推力，然而另一些选手采用较大的玫角，手掌划过身体中线却要冒身体左右摇摆的风险。一些<span class="tpccontent1"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">人已注意到，当决定运动员从一种划水方式转变为另一种划水方式时，须通过反复练习进行检验。如手掌划过身体中线时，身体左右摇摆，应缩短内划路线。然而，如身体能保持直线姿势，且感觉良好时，则无必要缩短内划路线。 </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体;"><br/><br/></span><span class="tpccontent1"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">内划的部分用力可协助身体左右转动。转移部分推力协助身体左右转动是有益的，因为这有利于在臂部水下动作产生最大推力阶段，即在上划阶段使身体保持良好的直线姿势。大多数选手身体向吸气侧转动较大，因此，要做较大的内划动作使身体返回原有姿势。所以，所有选手向吸气侧反方向划水时，手掌均划过身体中线。这与他们喜欢向哪一侧吸气无关。 </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体;"><br style="mso-special-character: line-break;"/></span></span></span>

不懂

<span class="tpccontent1"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">上划 </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体;"><br/><br/></span><span class="tpccontent1"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">上划是爬泳臂部动作产生推力的第二个，也是最后一个阶段。上划动作侧视图如图<span lang="EN-US">1</span>，<span lang="EN-US">k-m</span>，前视图如图<span lang="EN-US">2</span>，<span lang="EN-US">e-g</span>。上划始于内划结束，至手掌划至大腿前为止。上划是指手掌在身体下方向外上，并向后，向水面进行的曲线划水动作。上划开始时，手掌迅速外转，在整个上划过程中，掌心应向后外。虽说应逐渐伸肘，但在伸肘过程中应注意前臂和手掌应始终向后对水，直至推力消失为止。 </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体;"><br/><br/></span><span class="tpccontent1"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">手掌划至大腿前，上划动作结束。此时应停止划水动作，掌心内转，以便向外上，以最小的阻力出水，进入空中移臂动作。 </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体;"><br/><br/></span><span class="tpccontent1"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">从内划转为上划时，划速较慢，然后，在上划过程中应加速划水。臂部动作的该阶段，划速达到顶峰，大多数运动员此时的划速在<span lang="EN-US">3<chmetcnv wst="on" tcsc="0" numbertype="1" negative="True" hasspace="False" sourcevalue="6" unitname="米">-6<span lang="EN-US"><span lang="EN-US">米</span></span></chmetcnv><span lang="EN-US">／秒之<span lang="EN-US">间（康西尔曼、沃西拉克，1982</span></span></span>；马格利索，<span lang="EN-US">l986 </span>，施莱豪夫，<span lang="EN-US">1988</span>）。 </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体;"><br/><br/></span><span class="tpccontent1"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">伸臂 上划时尽快将臂伸直是一种误解。这种观念是推力源于阻力理论的残余。当时这种理论认为，手应向后推水，而不是向上划水。事实上，伸臂程度适可而止。上划时，运动员应稍伸臂，但是臂部不应完全伸直。上划动作结束时，前臂与水平面的夹角大致在<span lang="EN-US">60°</span>左右（图<span lang="EN-US">1</span>，<span lang="EN-US">m</span>）。在上划动作的推力阶段，手掌与前臂保持直线，主要应做上划动作，而不是做后伸臂的动作。 </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体;"><br/><br/></span><span class="tpccontent1"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">如此划水便于前臂和手掌保持后向动作，以便在上划过程中，使水流尽长些时间向后流动。即使前臂出水之后，如果手掌仍保持向后的对水姿势，仍能产生向后的推力（图<span lang="EN-US">l</span>，<span lang="EN-US">m</span>）。 </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体;"><br/><br/></span><span class="tpccontent1"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">如果臂部过快地伸直，在上划的后期会以较大的攻角做上划动作。事实上，这是许多运动员上划时易犯的错误之一，这一错误会使臀部下沉，影响游速。 </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体;"><br/><br/></span><span class="tpccontent1"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">过分伸肘最普遍的原因或许是运动员想在手掌划至水面之前仍保持推力。运动员向水面划水阶段已不再能够获得推力，手掌划至水面之前，上划的推力阶段已告结束。当运动员手掌划经大腿时，手臂已开始前移，手掌已无法保持有效的攻角。任何想在手掌划过大腿之后仍能保持推力的作法都将影响游进速度。技术高超的选手此时不再伸臂，开始做出水和空中移臂动作。 </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体;"><br/><br/></span><span class="tpccontent1"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">掌心向后 上划动作的成败在相当大的程度上取决于上划动作的最后部分，运动员的手掌能否做好向后对水动作。如果运动员能做到这一点，即使前臂的对水方向发生变化，他的手掌也能保持最佳攻角，使水向后流动。根据这个道理，应教会运动员在做出水动作之前，如何使手掌向后对水。 </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体;"><br/><br/></span><span class="tpccontent1"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">图<span lang="EN-US">5</span>表示上划时使水向后流动的方法。可将上划动作分两部分。上划的第一部分如图<span lang="EN-US">5</span>，<span lang="EN-US">a</span>。这是幅仰视图，表示手掌在身体下方向外后方向划水。此时手掌应向外后方向，小指侧领先划水。手掌前的水流方向与手<span class="tpccontent1"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">掌划动方向相反，即向内流动。外倾的手掌使手掌前的水流经小指侧流向大拇指侧，再向后流动。 </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体;"><br/><br/></span><span class="tpccontent1"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">图<span lang="EN-US">5</span>，<span lang="EN-US">b</span>是侧视图，表示上划的第二部分，手臂向上划动时推力是如何产生的。当手掌划出体外之后，主要向上划动。划水方向的这种变化使前臂前的水流开始向下流动，而此时前臂开始领先划水，水流经腕部流向手掌，再流向指端。由于逐渐伸肘和掌心的外后对水动作，以及臂手保持适度的攻角，致使水向后流动并推进运动员前游。图上的粗箭头表示前臂和手掌保持何种方向和攻角，才能产生向后的水流。 </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体;"><br style="mso-special-character: line-break;"/><br style="mso-special-character: line-break;"/></span></span></span>

不懂

<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体;"><br style="mso-special-character: line-break;"/></span> <br/><span class="tpccontent1"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">图<span lang="EN-US">5 </span>上划时推力产生方式。图<span lang="EN-US">a</span>表示上划前段推力产生方式，图<span lang="EN-US">b</span>表示上划后段推力产生方式。 </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体;"><br/><br/></span><span class="tpccontent1"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">虽说上划动作分两部分，然而运动员仍认为这是一连续动作，所以应按运动员的感觉来教上划动作。为简化这一动作，可让运动员掌心向外后，向外上，同时向后划水。在整个上划过程中，虽略有伸臂动作，但仍应保持微屈肘的动作。 </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体;"><br/><br/></span><span class="tpccontent1"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">出水和移臂 </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体;"><br/><br/></span><span class="tpccontent1"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">出水动作水下前视图如图<span lang="EN-US">2</span>，<span lang="EN-US">b</span>和<span lang="EN-US">g,</span>侧视图如图<span lang="EN-US">1</span>，<span lang="EN-US">n</span>。移臂动作如图<span lang="EN-US">6</span>。如前所述，在手掌出水之前，伸臂动作实际上已开始了。肘部应先出水。手部还没出水时，运动员已开始屈肘前移了。为此，在手掌划大腿下方时，因为手掌开始前移，同时不再产生推力，应停止划水动作。由于上划结束动作与移臂开始动作交错在一起，无须再付出过大的肌力克服臂部向后的惯性，这有助于臂部进入移臂动作。 </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体;"><br/><br/></span><span class="tpccontent1"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">出水时，掌心应内转，以便掌外侧领先出水，这有助于手掌以最小的截面出水并可减少出水时的阻力。出水时，手掌移动速度略有减慢。 </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体;"><br/><br/></span><span class="tpccontent1"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">移臂动作的目的在于使臂部进入下一次划臂的开始姿势。尽管这是移臂动作的一个重要作用，但是臂动作本身不产生推力，所以移臂动作的目标是：<span lang="EN-US">1</span>、移臂时，应尽量避免身体左右摆动。<span lang="EN-US">2</span>、使臂、肩躯干部肌肉群得以短暂休息。为此，移臂时臂部肌群应放松，只须少许用力，并与另一臂配合好，做好入水动作。移臂动作无须过快和过分用力，只须保持正确的移臂姿势。 </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体;"><br/><br/></span><span class="tpccontent1"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">移臂动作如图<span lang="EN-US">6</span>。由于高肘移臂侧摆动作最小，移臂之后的入水动作造成的湍流最小，所以人们认为这是最好的一种移臂方式。优秀运动员们还成功地采用另一种移臂动作，人们将这种移臂方式称为改进型高肘移臂。 </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体;"><br/><br/></span><span class="tpccontent1"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">高肘移臂 图<span lang="EN-US">6</span>，<span lang="EN-US">b</span>表明，出水时，肘部微屈，掌心向体侧。在移臂动作的前半程，当手掌从体侧移至头上时（图<span lang="EN-US">6</span>，<span lang="EN-US">c-d</span>），继续屈肘。当手掌移过头上准备入水时（图<span lang="EN-US">6</span>，<span lang="EN-US">e</span>）<span lang="EN-US">,</span>开始伸臂。在移臂动作的前半程，掌心向内，准备入水时，掌心外转，以便以最小的阻力入水。在手掌移过肩部之前保持高肘姿势，并暂不做伸臂动作（图<span lang="EN-US">6</span>，<span lang="EN-US">d</span>）极其重要。这有利于臂部以最好的姿势、干净利落地完成入水动作。 </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体;"><br/><br/></span><span class="tpccontent1"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">移臂时，手掌尽可能直线前移，以避免身体出现左右摆动动作。手掌侧摆幅度过大往往使身体的直线姿势发生变化。移臂时，臂部轮流的屈伸动作可避免臂部摆幅过宽的毛病。 </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体;"><br style="mso-special-character: line-break;"/></span>

不懂

<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span class="tpccontent1"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black;"><span lang="EN-US">&nbsp;<p></p></span></span></span></p><p></p><p></p> <br/><span class="tpccontent1"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black;">图<span lang="EN-US">6 </span>爬泳移臂技术。图上运动员是曾创全美大学乙级比赛<chmetcnv unitname="码" sourcevalue="200" hasspace="False" negative="False" numbertype="1" tcsc="0" wst="on"></chmetcnv><span lang="EN-US">200</span>码<chmetcnv></chmetcnv>自由泳记录的蒂特尔。 </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black;"><br/><br/></span><span class="tpccontent1"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black;">改进型高肘移臂与普通高肘移臂技术相比，采用改进型高肘移臂选手臂屈伸幅度较小。出水略屈的臂部直至入水前，弯曲程度变化不大。因此，在移臂动作的前半程，手掌和肘部几乎处于同一水平上。然而在手掌移过头部之后进入入水动作时，动作与普通高肘移臂技术没有差别。 </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black;"><br/><br/></span><span class="tpccontent1"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black;">许多短距离选手采用改进型高肘移臂技术。这种移臂技术获得的惯性较大，因而有助于游速的提高。另外，不少选手喜欢吸气侧臂采用改进型高肘移臂姿势。 </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black;"><br/><br/></span><span class="tpccontent1"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black;">两臂动作的配合 </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black;"><br/><br/></span><span class="tpccontent1"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black;">两臂动作精确无误的配合，对取得优异成绩是至关重要的。这是因为两臂动作的配合与身体的转动，推力的合理运用，以及与在每一动作周期内身体流线型姿势的保持密切相关。 </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black;"><br/><br/></span><span class="tpccontent1"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black;">谈到两臂动作的配合，最重要的一点是一臂入水时，另一臂处于内划阶段（图<span lang="EN-US">1</span>，<span lang="EN-US">d</span>）。这便于身体向划水臂一侧转动，准备上划。这也有助于上划时入水臂前伸和身体保持流线型姿势（图<span lang="EN-US">2</span>，<span lang="EN-US">e-g</span>）。 </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black;"><br/><br/></span><span class="tpccontent1"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black;">两臂动作配合的另一重要特点是一臂上划动作没结束时，另一臂不应开始下划。这同样便于上划时身体保持流线型姿势。两臂动作如此配合会使下划时游速减缓，然而这有利于减小后臂上划时前臂下划（前臂前迎水面）挡水产生的阻力。后臂上划结束和前臂成抓水动作间损失的游速可通过上划动作产生的更大推力得以补偿。 </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black;"><br/><br/></span><span class="tpccontent1"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black;">两臂动作配合的这一特点适用于中、长距离比赛，然而对短距离比赛来说应另当别论。短距离比赛时，伸臂持续时间不宜过长，一臂上划时，另一臂应开始下划。如此配合的意义在于当一臂终止划水后，另一臂几乎可立即完成抓水动作并开始获得推力。虽说这会使上划时身体的流线型姿势变坏，然而通过缩短两臂动作间的游速减缓期，同样可加快游进速度。如此配合会加大能耗。这就是有些运动员在较长距离的比赛中为什么宁肯牺牲游速，也要延长伸臂动作，尽量减少能耗的原因所在。</span></span>

不懂

<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span class="tpccontent1"><b><span style="FONT-SIZE: 13.5pt; COLOR: black;">划水路线</span></b></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black;"><br/><br/><br/></span><span class="tpccontent1"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black;">爬泳划水路线侧视、前视、仰视图如图<span lang="EN-US">7</span>。虽说这是一名世界水平的短距离选手的划水路线，然而仍可反映各种游距绝大多数爬泳选手的划水路线特点。这组划水路线图充分反映了爬泳选手为获得推力，既采用左右方向，又采用上下方向的斜向划水动作。 </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black;"><br/><br/></span><span class="tpccontent1"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black;">划水路线图上的数字标明各划水阶段的起止点。这组划水路线是手掌相对于水的划水路线，可通过这组划水路线图确定手掌在三维路线图中的走向。 </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black;"><br/><br/></span><span class="tpccontent1"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black;">1984</span></span><span class="tpccontent1"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black;">年，施莱豪夫及其助手报告称，在以<span lang="EN-US">50°-70°</span>的角度进行内划和上划时，产生的推力最大。有时很难控制这种划水角度。为理解这一问题请看图<span lang="EN-US">8</span>。仰视图表示内划时划水角度是如何测定的。 </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black;"><br/><br/></span><span class="tpccontent1"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black;">侧视图可看清上划时划水角度的测量方法。划水角度是指运动员前进方向与手掌划水方向之间的夹角。 </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black;"><br/><br/></span><span class="tpccontent1"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black;">人们感兴趣的另一个话题是手掌划水时的左右、上下动作幅度。 </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black;"><br/><br/></span><span class="tpccontent1"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black;">1984</span></span><span class="tpccontent1"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black;">年美国奥林匹克队游泳队自由泳选手划水深度在<span lang="EN-US">61<chmetcnv unitname="厘米" sourcevalue="74" hasspace="False" negative="True" numbertype="1" tcsc="0" wst="on"></chmetcnv>-74<span lang="EN-US"><span lang="EN-US">厘米</span></span><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><span lang="EN-US">之间，左右划水宽度在29<chmetcnv unitname="厘米" sourcevalue="45" hasspace="False" negative="True" numbertype="1" tcsc="0" wst="on"></chmetcnv>-45<span lang="EN-US"><span lang="EN-US">厘米</span></span><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><span lang="EN-US">之间<span lang="EN-US">（施莱豪夫，1988</span></span></span></span>）。 </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black;"><br/></span></p><p><span class="tpccontent1"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black;"></span></span></p><p></p><p> </p><p><span class="tpccontent1"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black;">图<span lang="EN-US">7 </span>爬泳划水路线前视、侧视和仰视图<span lang="EN-US"> 1-2</span>，入水和伸臂；<span lang="EN-US">2-3</span>，下划抓水；<span lang="EN-US">3-4</span>，内划；<span lang="EN-US">4-5</span>，上划；<span lang="EN-US">5-6</span>，出水 </span></span><br/> <br/><span class="tpccontent1"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black;">图<span lang="EN-US">8 </span>划水角度测量方法<span lang="EN-US">
                                </span></span></span></p>